Mucosale lichen planus

12 Aug, 2020

Door: Angélique De Beule

Lichen planus is een goedaardige, niet-besmettelijke huidaandoening dat in 65% van de gevallen zich manifesteert ter hoogte van het wangslijmvlies. Herkenbaar aan de jeukende, rood tot paarsgekleurde vlakke papels met daarrond een netwerk van witte parelmoerachtige structuren. De mucosale vorm wordt niet alleen in de mondholte (wang, tong en lip) aangetroffen, maar ook op plaatsen als scrotum, vagina, neus- en oogslijmvlies. Daarnaast zijn er vormen die de nagels en haren (lichen planopilaris) kunnen aantasten.1,2

De auto-immuunreactie jegens de huid en slijmvliezen kan onder meer worden geactiveerd door het gebruik van bepaalde chemicaliën, metalen – amalgaan, composiet, kobalt en goud – pijnstillers als ibuprofen en andere geneesmiddelen, zoals ACE-remmers en bètablokkers. Daarnaast zijn er op microbioom-niveau aanwijzingen dat zowel bacteriën (H. pylori), virussen (Hepatitis C) als fungi (Candida albicans) mucosale lichen planus kunnen uitlokken.
Zo werd in 2016 onder leiding van Kun Wang et al. een wetenschappelijke studie gepubliceerd waarin orale dysbiose in verband werd gebracht met deze aanhoudende mondslijminflammatie. Het is onder meer de Porphyromonas gingivalis – ook verantwoordelijk voor parodontitis – die positief geassocieerd werd met de productie van de Th17 pro-inflammatoire cytokines IL17 en IL23. Dit kan bepalend zijn voor de dysimmuniteit en inflammatiegraad van de slijmvliezen.1,2

De chronische mucosale inflammatie een halt toeroepen, doe je in de eerste plaats door de slijm– en huidbarrière opnieuw te voorzien van voldoende antioxidanten. De vitamines A en E helpen lipidperoxidatie voorkomen, terwijl vitamine C een belangrijke rol speelt als cofactor voor verschillende enzymen die bijdragen tot collageenopbouw.3,4,5
Aanvullend op de klassieke corticosteroïde behandeling werden positieve resultaten gepubliceerd met curcuminoïden. De antioxidatieve, ontstekingremmende fytostof bewerkstelligt de activatie van welbepaalde mitochondriale enzymen waardoor zowel het speeksel- als serumgehalte aan vitamine A, E en C toeneemt. Bovendien konden Chainani-Wu et al. in een gecontroleerd onderzoek aantonen, dat met tweeduizend milligram curcuminoïden driemaal daags, de orale lichen planus-symptomen bij zestig procent van de patiënten werd gereduceerd. Daarnaast kan tandplaque en aldus inflammatoire paradontale aandoeningen worden voorkomen door dagelijks te spoelen met curcumine-mondwater.5,6

Ter ondersteuning van mucosaherstel en –onderhoud is er ook duindoornolie. Oranje gekleurde olie, afkomstig van een bes die naast bètacaroteen rijk is aan bioactieve componenten zoals vitamine C, flavonoïden, plantsterolen, mineralen en grote hoeveelheden omega 7-vetzuren (palmitine en cis-vaceenzuur). Duindoornolie bezit hierdoor de unieke eigenschap om celmembranen van zowel de huid als slijmvlies te herstellen en tevens te onderhouden. Dankzij de talrijke aanwezigheid van tocoferolen, tocotriënolen en een mix aan carotenoïden biedt duindoornolie sterke antioxidatieve bescherming aan tot op cellulair niveau. De algemene gezondheid van de mondmucosa kan worden versterkt met het innemen van vijf gram olie per dag en dit gedurende vier weken.7

Tot slot toonden verschillende histologische studies aan dat de aanhoudende slijmvlieswijzigingen ten gevolge van Lichen planus kunnen leiden tot een verhoogd gehalte aan micronuclei. Dat zijn instabiele chromosoomstructuren ten gevolge van recente DNA-breuken, die onjuist of niet gerepareerd worden. Kortom, onherstelbare genomische schade die het risico op mond – en slokdarmkanker doet toenemen. Maar er kon significante reductie van de micronuclei worden verkregen met het toedienen van zestig milligram bètacaroteen gedurende drie maanden.8

www.biok.center

Bronvermelding:
  1. Mayo Clinic – Webartikel: Lichen Planus. February 2019 Geraadpleegd via www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lichen-planus/symptoms-causes/syc-20351378.
  2. Kun Wang et al. Preliminary analysis of salivary microbiome and their potential roles in oral lichen planus. Sci Rep. 2016; 6: 22943.
  3. Balwant Ra et al. Salivary vitamin E and C in lichen planus. Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences July-December 2008, Vol. 6, No. 2.
  4. Hamidreza Abdolsamadi et al. Levels of Salivary Antioxidant Vitamins and Lipid Peroxidation in Patients with Oral Lichen Planus and Healthy Individuals. Chonnam Med J. 2014 Aug;50(2):58-62.
  5. Tahereh Nosratzehi. Oral Lichen Planus: An Overview of Potential Risk Factors, Biomarkers and Treatments. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018; 19(5): 1161–1167.
  6. Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara et al. Curcumin, the golden nutraceutical: multitargeting for multiple chronic diseases. British Journal of Pharmacology (2017) 174 1325–1348.
  7. Risto Erkkola et al. Sea buckthorn oils: towards healthy mucous membranes. Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology – Finland May 2003.
  8. Waranun Buajeeb et al. Reduction of micronuclei in oral lichen planus supplemented by beta-carotene. December 2008. Journal of Oral Science 50(4):461-7.

is directrice en hoofddocent van het Biochemisch Instituut voor Orthomoleculaire Kennis (BIOK), een kennisplatform met als doelstelling 'Kennis delen met Passie', aan de hand van interne en externe opleidingen. Het BIOK ziet toe op wetenschappelijke relevantie, biochemische onderbouwing, authenticiteit en praktisch toepasbare kennis.

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